Highly influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, Ramadevi Choudhury joined the Indian independence movement in 1921, and took an active part in Non Cooperation Movement. The same year, she also joined the Indian National Congress and started wearing khadi. In 1930, she took active part in the Salt Satyagraha movement in Odisha. She would go from village to village to encourage women to join the freedom movement.
In 1932 after her release from Hazaribagh jail, she was actively involved in Harijan welfare. She actively worked for the eradication of untouchability. She was instrumental in setting up of the Harijan Sewa Sangha. She started an Ashram at Bari, which Gandhiji named Sewaghar.
After the death of Kasturba Gandhi, she became the representative of the Odisha chapter of the Kasturba Trust. The Ramadevi Women's University in Bhubaneswar has been named after her.