Unsung Heroes | History Corner | Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India

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Paying tribute to India’s freedom fighters

Swami Shraddhanand alias Mahatma Munshi Ram

Jalandhar, Punjab

February 06, 2023 to February 06, 2024

Swami Shraddhanand was a great Arya Samajist, social worker, educationalist, and freedom fighter of the country. He was born on 22 February 1856 at the village Talwan, district Jalandhar of Punjab. His father Lala Nanak Chand was from the Khatri family and a police inspector in the East India Company of the United Provinces. Swami Shraddhanand's childhood name was Brihaspati but his father Lala Nanak Chand always called him Munshi Ram. He took his initial education at Varanasi and completed the examination of law at Lahore. He began his career as a lawyer and then practiced at Phillaur and Jalandhar. He met Swami Dayanand in September 1879 at Bareilly where he visited the place for the promotion of Vedic religion. After hearing Dayanand’s views on Vedic religion, Shraddhanand's mind completely changed. He took up the mission to propagate the principles of Arya Samaj and Vedic ideas among the people. Swami Shraddhanand also took part in India's struggle for Independence and emerged as a unique freedom fighter of India. He inspired the countrymen to free their motherland from the hands of foreign British rule. He started working with Congress for the liberation of Bharat Mata. He strongly condemned the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of 13 April 1919 and joined the nationwide protest against the Rowlatt Act in Delhi. Shraddhanand led a procession at Chandni Chowk, Delhi, against the oppressive Rowlatt Act. When martial law was imposed at Amritsar after the massacre, Swami Shraddhanand Saraswati came forward and made all the arrangements for the session of Congress in the city. He also raised his voice for Hindu-Muslim unity. That was evident from the fact that Swami Shraddhanand was the only Hindu Sanyasi who addressed a massive gathering of the Muslims from Jama Masjid at New Delhi on 4 March 1919 for national solidarity. In his address, he encouraged Muslims to participate in the freedom movement. Swami Shraddhanand also supported the Khilafat Movement in India and showed his full unity with Indian Muslims against foreign British rule. Shraddhanand was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and worked for Congress. But in the 1920s, he felt that the whole situation of the country had changed. The Muslims were fighting for their own rights under Muslim League and Congress failed to get the faith and support of the Muslims. Shraddhanand realized that the Muslim members of Congress were giving more attention to their own community and were fighting to get more representation and leadership for their own people in the party. That situation forced Shraddhanand to think beyond Congress which failed to protect Hindu rights in the rising communal situation. He left Congress and joined the Hindu Mahasabha which laid more emphasis on Hindu solidarity. He worked for the growth of Hinduism and Arya Samaj in the country. In 1926, Swami Shraddhanand wrote a book Hindu-Sangathan (Savior of the Dying Race). That book played a key role in the revival of Hinduism. On 23 December 1926, Shraddhanand received a serious attack of pneumonia and was in the bed in Delhi when a misguided orthodox Muslim Abdul Rashid shot him dead with a revolver. Rashid fired three shots at Shraddhanand and he died on the spot as a true Martyr of the country. Shraddhanand sacrificed his entire life to consolidate Hinduism in the country. In order to commemorate the sacrifice of Swami Shraddhanand to the nation, the Indian Post Office issued a stamp on him in 1970.

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