Upendra Nath Bandyopadhyay was born on 6 June 1879, in Chandannagar, West Bengal and was the son of Ramanath Bandyopadhyay and Kusum Kumari Devi. His inspiration was drawn from the speeches of Swami Vivekananda. While residing in Chandannagar, he came into contact with Kanailal Dutta and Motilal Roy. He was deeply moved by the teachings of his teacher, Charu Chandra Roy, at Duplet College. He passed his FA exam there and later continued his higher studies at Duff College in Calcutta.
He actively participated in the Swadeshi Movement of 1905 and formed close bonds with prominent figures such as Bhupendra Nath Dutta, Barindra Ghosh, Abinash Bhattacharya and Debabrata Basu, engaging in revolutionary activities. He also visited the Ramakrishna Mission in Belur, often disguising himself as a monk to carry out covert operations.
When the authorities led a crackdown on freedom fighters, Basanta Kumar, the printer, was arrested along with many others. Upendra Nath went into hiding at a Garden House owned by Aurobindo and Barindra at Muraripukur in Ultadanga. There, they acquired skills in bomb-making, pistol and rifle shooting and formed a secret society with the goal of assassinating British Raj executives, though their efforts proved futile.
In January 1908, Prafulla Chakraborty accidentally died while testing a bomb. On 30 April 1908, Khudiram and Prafulla Chaki attempted to assassinate Kingsford but failed. Prafulla committed suicide the next day, and Khudiram was arrested. On 2 May 1908, the police raided various locations, including the 'Gupta Samity,' with Muraripukur being one of the targets. Most members of the Samity, including Aurobindo Ghosh, Barindra Ghosh, Ullaskar Dutta, Upendra Nath Bandyopadhyay, Hemchandra, Abinash, Kanai, Hrishikesh Kanjilal and others, were arrested.
On 6 May 1909, the Magistrate of Alipore sentenced Upendra to life imprisonment in Cellular Jail. The High Court upheld the verdict on 23 November 1909. He was transferred to the Andaman Jail on January 22, 1910, and he was eventually released in February 1920, along with Barindra and Hemchandra. After his release, he became a regular writer for 'Bijli' Patrika and his famous work, 'Nimbasiter Atmakatha,' was regularly published in Chittaranjan Das's "Narayan Patrika."
Upendra Nath participated in the Gaya Congress in December 1922 and joined the 'Swaraj Party' in March 1923. He contributed articles to 'Banglar Katha,' 'Forward,' and 'Atmashakti' Patrikas and expressed dissent against Mahatma Gandhi's policies in several writings. He was arrested again in September 1923 and detained in Alipore Central Jail, only to be released in 1926.After India's independence, he assumed the role of editor at 'Dainik Basumati' and served as the President of the Bengal Regional Hindu Mahasabha in 1949. Upendra Nath Bandyopadhyay passed away on 4 April 1950.