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The Battle of Buxar was fought in October 1764, between the forces under the command of the British East India Company, led by Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1764; the Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The battle was fought at Buxar, a "small, fortified town" within the territory of Bihar, located on the banks of the Ganga river about 130 kilometres west of Patna; it was a decisive victory for the British East India Company. The war had been brought to an end by the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765.

The British victory at Buxar had "at one fell swoop", disposed of the three main scions of Mughal power in Upper India. Mir Kasim [Qasim] disappeared into impoverished obscurity. Shah Alam realigned himself with the British, and Shah Shuja [Shuja-ud-Daula] fled west hotly pursued by the victors. The whole Ganges valley lay at the company's mercy; Shah Shuja eventually surrendered; henceforth company troops became the power-brokers throughout Oudh as well as Bihar".

Katkauli ka Maidan, in Buxar, is one of the most visited tourist attractions in and around the region. The reason for the popularity of this site is the historical Battle of Buxar which was fought here between the East India Company and the Mughals